Field Sanitation

Study and Review of Indicators of Personal Sanitation in Sasanian Period and Aims and Reasons for Applying the Indicators

Ancient civilizations, proportionately to the extent and impact of their culture, used some methods in the field of personal sanitation to prevent infections and general diseases. Studying the indictors of personal sanitation, methods and the aims, in broad lands of Sasanians, would lead us to sanitary treatments of people in this empire. Considering the issue that personal sanitation in Sasani...

Field Hygiene and Sanitation

Farm Food Safety Practices in the North of Iran

Food safety begins on the farms and farmers play a crucial role in producing healthy food. Several factors were investigated here including water quality, labor health, health facilities, packaging and storage, transportation, fertilizers and solid organic materials, and field sanitation to reach more comprehensive results. So, 380 farmers were selected from 77 villages of rural areas of Gonbad...

Marketing Sanitation 4

Access to sanitation – the hygienic disposal of human excreta – has been largely achieved through the private sector supplying individual households. Evidence from what works indicates that development of the market is the only sustainable approach to meeting the need for sanitation in the developing world. This field note explains the marketing approach and suggests that it should be promoted ...

pase-Control Studies of the Effect of Environmental Sanitation on Diarrhoea Morbidity: Methodological [Implications of Field Studies in Africa and Asia

Briscoe J (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. NC, 27514, USA), Baltazar J and Young B. Case-control studies of the effect of environmental sanitation on diarrhoea morbidity: methodological implications of field studies in Africa and Asia. International Journal of Epidemiology 1988, 17: 441-447. The problems a...

The development of a protocol to manage the potential of groundwater contamination from on-site sanitation.

The provision of water supply and sanitation services to the developing and water scarce areas of South Africa is one of the goals of the Reconstruction and Development Programme. One of the principles of the South African National Sanitation Policy stipulates that sanitation systems which have unacceptable impacts on the environment cannot be considered to be an adequate form of sanitation. Th...